SQL>conn / as sysdba


SQL> show parameter cluster


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cluster_database     boolean TRUE
cluster_database_instances     integer 2
cluster_interconnects     string
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
AL32UTF8




SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size    2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers  118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;


System altered.


SQL> show parameter job_queue_processes; 


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
job_queue_processes     integer 1000
SQL> show parameter aq_tm_processes;


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes     integer 1
SQL>  alter system set job_queue_processes=0;


System altered.


SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=0;


System altered.


SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.


SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set




SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12720: operation requires database is in EXCLUSIVE mode




SQL> alter system set cluster_database=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';


System altered.


SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup restrict
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size    2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers  118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;


Database altered.


SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size    2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers  118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK




SQL> alter system set cluster_database=TRUE scope=spfile sid='*';


System altered.


SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=1000;
alter system set job_queue_processes=1000
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 8833
Session ID: 2271 Serial number: 3




SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 6.2934E+10 bytes
Fixed Size    2268712 bytes
Variable Size 6039798232 bytes
Database Buffers 5.6774E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers  118157312 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=1000;


System altered.


SQL> show parameter aq


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes     integer 0
SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=1;


System altered.


SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.


SQL> show parameter cluster_database


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cluster_database     boolean TRUE
cluster_database_instances     integer 2
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


PARAMETER
------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK




SQL> 

网页题目：Oracle11gRAC更改字符集为ZHS16GBK的过程
当前网址：http://lswzjz.com/article/jjcicj.html