这篇文章主要讲解了“PostgreSQL中函数StartTransaction的实现逻辑是什么”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“PostgreSQL中函数StartTransaction的实现逻辑是什么”吧!
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一、数据结构
静态变量
当前事务状态CurrentTransactionState
/* * CurrentTransactionState always points to the current transaction state * block. It will point to TopTransactionStateData when not in a * transaction at all, or when in a top-level transaction. * CurrentTransactionState通常指向当前事务块. * 如不处于事务中或者处于顶层事务中,则指向TopTransactionStateData */ static TransactionStateData TopTransactionStateData = { .state = TRANS_DEFAULT, .blockState = TBLOCK_DEFAULT, }; /* * unreportedXids holds XIDs of all subtransactions that have not yet been * reported in an XLOG_XACT_ASSIGNMENT record. * unreportedXids保存所有尚未在XLOG_XACT_ASSIGNMENT记录的子事务. */ static int nUnreportedXids; static TransactionId unreportedXids[PGPROC_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS]; static TransactionState CurrentTransactionState = &TopTransactionStateData; /* * The subtransaction ID and command ID assignment counters are global * to a whole transaction, so we do not keep them in the state stack. * subtransaction ID和command ID全局计数器,对事务可见,在state栈中不记录这些信息. */ static SubTransactionId currentSubTransactionId; static CommandId currentCommandId; static bool currentCommandIdUsed;
TransactionState
事务状态结构体
/* * transaction states - transaction state from server perspective * 事务状态枚举 - 服务器视角的事务状态 */ typedef enum TransState { TRANS_DEFAULT, /* idle 空闲 */ TRANS_START, /* transaction starting 事务启动 */ TRANS_INPROGRESS, /* inside a valid transaction 进行中 */ TRANS_COMMIT, /* commit in progress 提交中 */ TRANS_ABORT, /* abort in progress 回滚中 */ TRANS_PREPARE /* prepare in progress 准备中 */ } TransState; /* * transaction block states - transaction state of client queries * 事务块状态 - 客户端查询的事务状态 * * Note: the subtransaction states are used only for non-topmost * transactions; the others appear only in the topmost transaction. * 注意:subtransaction只用于非顶层事务;其他字段用于顶层事务. */ typedef enum TBlockState { /* not-in-transaction-block states 未进入事务块状态 */ TBLOCK_DEFAULT, /* idle 空闲 */ TBLOCK_STARTED, /* running single-query transaction 单个查询事务 */ /* transaction block states 事务块状态 */ TBLOCK_BEGIN, /* starting transaction block 开始事务块 */ TBLOCK_INPROGRESS, /* live transaction 进行中 */ TBLOCK_IMPLICIT_INPROGRESS, /* live transaction after implicit BEGIN 隐式事务,进行中 */ TBLOCK_PARALLEL_INPROGRESS, /* live transaction inside parallel worker 并行worker中的事务,进行中 */ TBLOCK_END, /* COMMIT received 接收到COMMIT */ TBLOCK_ABORT, /* failed xact, awaiting ROLLBACK 失败,等待ROLLBACK */ TBLOCK_ABORT_END, /* failed xact, ROLLBACK received 失败,已接收ROLLBACK */ TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING, /* live xact, ROLLBACK received 进行中,接收到ROLLBACK */ TBLOCK_PREPARE, /* live xact, PREPARE received 进行中,接收到PREPARE */ /* subtransaction states 子事务状态 */ TBLOCK_SUBBEGIN, /* starting a subtransaction 开启 */ TBLOCK_SUBINPROGRESS, /* live subtransaction 进行中 */ TBLOCK_SUBRELEASE, /* RELEASE received 接收到RELEASE */ TBLOCK_SUBCOMMIT, /* COMMIT received while TBLOCK_SUBINPROGRESS 进行中,接收到COMMIT */ TBLOCK_SUBABORT, /* failed subxact, awaiting ROLLBACK 失败,等待ROLLBACK */ TBLOCK_SUBABORT_END, /* failed subxact, ROLLBACK received 失败,已接收ROLLBACK */ TBLOCK_SUBABORT_PENDING, /* live subxact, ROLLBACK received 进行中,接收到ROLLBACK */ TBLOCK_SUBRESTART, /* live subxact, ROLLBACK TO received 进行中,接收到ROLLBACK TO */ TBLOCK_SUBABORT_RESTART /* failed subxact, ROLLBACK TO received 失败,已接收ROLLBACK TO */ } TBlockState; /* * transaction state structure * 事务状态结构体 */ typedef struct TransactionStateData { //事务ID TransactionId transactionId; /* my XID, or Invalid if none */ //子事务ID SubTransactionId subTransactionId; /* my subxact ID */ //保存点名称 char *name; /* savepoint name, if any */ //保存点级别 int savepointLevel; /* savepoint level */ //低级别的事务状态 TransState state; /* low-level state */ //高级别的事务状态 TBlockState blockState; /* high-level state */ //事务嵌套深度 int nestingLevel; /* transaction nesting depth */ //GUC上下文嵌套深度 int gucNestLevel; /* GUC context nesting depth */ //事务生命周期上下文 MemoryContext curTransactionContext; /* my xact-lifetime context */ //查询资源 ResourceOwner curTransactionOwner; /* my query resources */ //按XID顺序保存的已提交的子事务ID TransactionId *childXids; /* subcommitted child XIDs, in XID order */ //childXids数组大小 int nChildXids; /* # of subcommitted child XIDs */ //分配的childXids数组空间 int maxChildXids; /* allocated size of childXids[] */ //上一个CurrentUserId Oid prevUser; /* previous CurrentUserId setting */ //上一个SecurityRestrictionContext int prevSecContext; /* previous SecurityRestrictionContext */ //上一事务是否只读? bool prevXactReadOnly; /* entry-time xact r/o state */ //是否处于Recovery? bool startedInRecovery; /* did we start in recovery? */ //XID是否已保存在WAL Record中? bool didLogXid; /* has xid been included in WAL record? */ //Enter/ExitParallelMode计数器 int parallelModeLevel; /* Enter/ExitParallelMode counter */ //父事务状态 struct TransactionStateData *parent; /* back link to parent */ } TransactionStateData; //结构体指针 typedef TransactionStateData *TransactionState;
VirtualTransactionId
VirtualTransactionIDs由执行事务的后台进程BackendId和逻辑分配的LocalTransactionId组成.
/* * Top-level transactions are identified by VirtualTransactionIDs comprising * the BackendId of the backend running the xact, plus a locally-assigned * LocalTransactionId. These are guaranteed unique over the short term, * but will be reused after a database restart; hence they should never * be stored on disk. * 最高层的事务通过VirtualTransactionIDs定义. * VirtualTransactionIDs由执行事务的后台进程BackendId和逻辑分配的LocalTransactionId组成. * * Note that struct VirtualTransactionId can not be assumed to be atomically * assignable as a whole. However, type LocalTransactionId is assumed to * be atomically assignable, and the backend ID doesn't change often enough * to be a problem, so we can fetch or assign the two fields separately. * We deliberately refrain from using the struct within PGPROC, to prevent * coding errors from trying to use struct assignment with it; instead use * GET_VXID_FROM_PGPROC(). * 请注意,不能假设struct VirtualTransactionId作为一个整体是原子可分配的。 * 但是,类型LocalTransactionId是假定原子可分配的,同时后台进程ID不会经常变换,因此这不是一个问题, * 因此我们可以单独提取或者分配这两个域字段. * */ typedef struct { BackendId backendId; /* determined at backend startup */ LocalTransactionId localTransactionId; /* backend-local transaction id */ } VirtualTransactionId;
二、源码解读
StartTransaction函数,用于启动事务,设置事务状态为TRANS_INPROGRESS,CurrentTransactionState->state = TRANS_INPROGRESS.
/* * StartTransaction * 启动事务 */ static void StartTransaction(void) { TransactionState s;//事务状态 VirtualTransactionId vxid;//虚拟事务ID /* * Let's just make sure the state stack is empty * 确保事务栈是空的 */ s = &TopTransactionStateData; CurrentTransactionState = s; Assert(XactTopTransactionId == InvalidTransactionId); /* check the current transaction state */ //检查当前事务状态 Assert(s->state == TRANS_DEFAULT); /* * Set the current transaction state information appropriately during * start processing. Note that once the transaction status is switched * this process cannot fail until the user ID and the security context * flags are fetched below. * 在启动过程中设置当前事务状态信息。 * 请注意,一旦切换了事务状态,在后续获取用户ID和安全上下文标志前,不会出现异常。 */ s->state = TRANS_START; //无效事务ID,待分配 s->transactionId = InvalidTransactionId; /* until assigned */ /* * initialize current transaction state fields * 初始化当前事务状态字段 * * note: prevXactReadOnly is not used at the outermost level * 注意:prevXactReadOnly不会在最外层中使用 */ s->nestingLevel = 1; s->gucNestLevel = 1; s->childXids = NULL; s->nChildXids = 0; s->maxChildXids = 0; /* * Once the current user ID and the security context flags are fetched, * both will be properly reset even if transaction startup fails. * 一旦当前用户ID和安全上下文标记已提取,即使事务启动失败,也会正确地重置它们。 */ GetUserIdAndSecContext(&s->prevUser, &s->prevSecContext); /* SecurityRestrictionContext should never be set outside a transaction */ //SecurityRestrictionContext不应在事务外设置 Assert(s->prevSecContext == 0); /* * Make sure we've reset xact state variables * 确保已重置了xact状态变量 * * If recovery is still in progress, mark this transaction as read-only. * We have lower level defences in XLogInsert and elsewhere to stop us * from modifying data during recovery, but this gives the normal * indication to the user that the transaction is read-only. * 如仍处于恢复过程,标志此事务为只读. * 在XLogInsert中和其他地方有低级别的保护机制确保在恢复过程中不会更新数据, * 只是给用户正常的提示,说明事务只读. */ if (RecoveryInProgress()) { //只读状态 s->startedInRecovery = true; XactReadOnly = true; } else { s->startedInRecovery = false; XactReadOnly = DefaultXactReadOnly; } XactDeferrable = DefaultXactDeferrable; XactIsoLevel = DefaultXactIsoLevel; forceSyncCommit = false; MyXactFlags = 0; /* * reinitialize within-transaction counters * 重新初始化事务内计数器 */ s->subTransactionId = TopSubTransactionId; currentSubTransactionId = TopSubTransactionId; currentCommandId = FirstCommandId; currentCommandIdUsed = false; /* * initialize reported xid accounting * 初始化已报告的事务计数 */ nUnreportedXids = 0; s->didLogXid = false; /* * must initialize resource-management stuff first * 必须首先初始化资源管理器 */ AtStart_Memory(); AtStart_ResourceOwner(); /* * Assign a new LocalTransactionId, and combine it with the backendId to * form a virtual transaction id. * 分配新的本地事务ID(LocalTransactionId), * 与backendId组成虚拟事务ID. */ vxid.backendId = MyBackendId; vxid.localTransactionId = GetNextLocalTransactionId(); /* * Lock the virtual transaction id before we announce it in the proc array * 在proc array声明前,锁定虚拟事务ID */ VirtualXactLockTableInsert(vxid); /* * Advertise it in the proc array. We assume assignment of * LocalTransactionID is atomic, and the backendId should be set already. * 在proc array中声明. * 假定LocalTransactionID是原子的,backendId已分配. */ Assert(MyProc->backendId == vxid.backendId); MyProc->lxid = vxid.localTransactionId; TRACE_POSTGRESQL_TRANSACTION_START(vxid.localTransactionId); /* * set transaction_timestamp() (a/k/a now()). Normally, we want this to * be the same as the first command's statement_timestamp(), so don't do a * fresh GetCurrentTimestamp() call (which'd be expensive anyway). But * for transactions started inside procedures (i.e., nonatomic SPI * contexts), we do need to advance the timestamp. Also, in a parallel * worker, the timestamp should already have been provided by a call to * SetParallelStartTimestamps(). * 设置transaction_timestamp. * 正常来说,期望该值与第一条命令的statement_timestamp一样,这样就不需要 * 调用GetCurrentTimestamp进行刷新(昂贵的操作!). * 但对于在过程中启动的事务(如非原子的SPI上下文),我们确实需要增加时间戳. * 同样的,在并行worker中,时间戳应通过外层调用SetParallelStartTimestamps提供. */ if (!IsParallelWorker()) { if (!SPI_inside_nonatomic_context()) xactStartTimestamp = stmtStartTimestamp; else xactStartTimestamp = GetCurrentTimestamp(); } else Assert(xactStartTimestamp != 0); pgstat_report_xact_timestamp(xactStartTimestamp); /* Mark xactStopTimestamp as unset. */ //标记xactStopTimestamp未设置 xactStopTimestamp = 0; /* * initialize other subsystems for new transaction * 为新事务初始化其他子系统(GUC/Cache等) */ AtStart_GUC(); AtStart_Cache(); AfterTriggerBeginXact(); /* * done with start processing, set current transaction state to "in * progress" * 已完成启动过程,设置事务状态为TRANS_INPROGRESS */ s->state = TRANS_INPROGRESS; ShowTransactionState("StartTransaction"); }
三、跟踪分析
执行begin,触发该函数调用
11:10:36 (xdb@[local]:5432)testdb=# begin;
启动gdb,设置断点
(gdb) b StartTransaction Breakpoint 4 at 0x54800f: file xact.c, line 1825. (gdb) c Continuing. Breakpoint 4, StartTransaction () at xact.c:1825 1825 s = &TopTransactionStateData; (gdb)
查看调用栈
(gdb) bt #0 StartTransaction () at xact.c:1825 #1 0x0000000000548f50 in StartTransactionCommand () at xact.c:2718 #2 0x00000000008c8e7d in start_xact_command () at postgres.c:2500 #3 0x00000000008c6771 in exec_simple_query (query_string=0x24a6ec8 "begin;") at postgres.c:948 #4 0x00000000008cae70 in PostgresMain (argc=1, argv=0x24d2dc8, dbname=0x24d2c30 "testdb", username=0x24a3ba8 "xdb") at postgres.c:4182 #5 0x000000000082642b in BackendRun (port=0x24c8c00) at postmaster.c:4361 #6 0x0000000000825b8f in BackendStartup (port=0x24c8c00) at postmaster.c:4033 #7 0x0000000000821f1c in ServerLoop () at postmaster.c:1706 #8 0x00000000008217b4 in PostmasterMain (argc=1, argv=0x24a1b60) at postmaster.c:1379 #9 0x00000000007488ef in main (argc=1, argv=0x24a1b60) at main.c:228 (gdb)
查看TopTransactionStateData全局变量(尚未初始化)
(gdb) p TopTransactionStateData $7 = {transactionId = 0, subTransactionId = 0, name = 0x0, savepointLevel = 0, state = TRANS_DEFAULT, blockState = TBLOCK_DEFAULT, nestingLevel = 0, gucNestLevel = 0, curTransactionContext = 0x0, curTransactionOwner = 0x0, childXids = 0x0, nChildXids = 0, maxChildXids = 0, prevUser = 10, prevSecContext = 0, prevXactReadOnly = false, startedInRecovery = false, didLogXid = true, parallelModeLevel = 0, parent = 0x0}
设置全局变量CurrentTransactionState = & TopTransactionStateData;
(gdb) n 1826 CurrentTransactionState = s; (gdb) 1828 Assert(XactTopTransactionId == InvalidTransactionId); (gdb)
初始化事务状态
(gdb) n 1833 if (s->state != TRANS_DEFAULT) (gdb) 1841 s->state = TRANS_START; (gdb) 1842 s->transactionId = InvalidTransactionId; /* until assigned */ (gdb) 1852 if (RecoveryInProgress()) (gdb) 1859 s->startedInRecovery = false; (gdb) 1860 XactReadOnly = DefaultXactReadOnly; (gdb) 1862 XactDeferrable = DefaultXactDeferrable; (gdb) 1863 XactIsoLevel = DefaultXactIsoLevel; (gdb) 1864 forceSyncCommit = false; (gdb) 1865 MyXactFlags = 0; (gdb) 1870 s->subTransactionId = TopSubTransactionId; (gdb) 1871 currentSubTransactionId = TopSubTransactionId; (gdb) 1872 currentCommandId = FirstCommandId; (gdb) 1873 currentCommandIdUsed = false; (gdb) 1878 nUnreportedXids = 0; (gdb) 1879 s->didLogXid = false; (gdb) 1884 AtStart_Memory(); (gdb)
启动subsystem(内存/GUC/Cache等)
(gdb) 1884 AtStart_Memory(); (gdb) n 1885 AtStart_ResourceOwner(); (gdb)
设置虚拟事务ID
1891 vxid.backendId = MyBackendId; (gdb) 1892 vxid.localTransactionId = GetNextLocalTransactionId(); (gdb) 1897 VirtualXactLockTableInsert(vxid); (gdb) 1903 Assert(MyProc->backendId == vxid.backendId); (gdb) p vxid $8 = {backendId = 3, localTransactionId = 6} (gdb) (gdb) n 1904 MyProc->lxid = vxid.localTransactionId; (gdb)
设置时间戳
1906 TRACE_POSTGRESQL_TRANSACTION_START(vxid.localTransactionId); (gdb) 1917 if (!IsParallelWorker()) (gdb) 1919 if (!SPI_inside_nonatomic_context()) (gdb) 1920 xactStartTimestamp = stmtStartTimestamp; (gdb) 1926 pgstat_report_xact_timestamp(xactStartTimestamp); (gdb) 1928 xactStopTimestamp = 0; (gdb) (gdb) p xactStartTimestamp $9 = 601009839154257
初始化其他字段
(gdb) n 1935 s->nestingLevel = 1; (gdb) n 1936 s->gucNestLevel = 1; (gdb) 1937 s->childXids = NULL; (gdb) 1938 s->nChildXids = 0; (gdb) 1939 s->maxChildXids = 0; (gdb) 1940 GetUserIdAndSecContext(&s->prevUser, &s->prevSecContext); (gdb) 1942 Assert(s->prevSecContext == 0); (gdb) 1947 AtStart_GUC(); (gdb) 1948 AtStart_Cache(); (gdb) 1949 AfterTriggerBeginXact(); (gdb) 1955 s->state = TRANS_INPROGRESS; (gdb) 1957 ShowTransactionState("StartTransaction"); (gdb) 1958 } (gdb)
初始化后的事务状态
(gdb) p *s $10 = {transactionId = 0, subTransactionId = 1, name = 0x0, savepointLevel = 0, state = TRANS_INPROGRESS, blockState = TBLOCK_DEFAULT, nestingLevel = 1, gucNestLevel = 1, curTransactionContext = 0x2523850, curTransactionOwner = 0x24d4868, childXids = 0x0, nChildXids = 0, maxChildXids = 0, prevUser = 10, prevSecContext = 0, prevXactReadOnly = false, startedInRecovery = false, didLogXid = false, parallelModeLevel = 0, parent = 0x0} (gdb)
完成调用
(gdb) n StartTransactionCommand () at xact.c:2719 2719 s->blockState = TBLOCK_STARTED; (gdb) 2720 break; (gdb)
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