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oracle加载数据最快的方式
限制
Source/target数据库的字符集必须兼容,target字符集要么和source相同,要么为source的超集;database/national character set
加密表空间不能跨endian平台传输;
包含加密列的表不可支持传输;
不可传输system表空间/sys用户下的object;
Target版本不能低于source;
时区文件要求一致
步骤
1检查target/source endian是否一致
Windows/linux均为little,其余为big
SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM. tp, V$DATABASE d WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
--source
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
---------------------------------- --------------
Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit) Big
--target
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
---------------------------------- --------------
Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit) Little
2检查表空间是否自包含
基表所属的索引/表分区/物化视图必须位于同一表空间
EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('sales_1,sales_2', TRUE);
SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;
VIOLATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Constraint DEPT_FK between table JIM.EMP in tablespace SALES_1 and table
JIM.DEPT in tablespace OTHER
Partitioned table JIM.SALES is partially contained in the transportable set
3复制数据文件并导出其metadata—先将表空间设为只读
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE sales_1 READ ONLY;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE sales_2 READ ONLY;
Tablespace altered.
expdp system dumpfile=expdat.dmp directory=data_pump_dir transport_tablespaces=sales_1,sales_2transport_full_check=y logfile=tts_export.log
--参数transport_full_check用于确认表空间为自包含,如果验证失败则expdp会终止
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:
/u01/app/oracle/admin/salesdb/dpdump/expdat.dmp
******************************************************************************
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace SALES_1:
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/salesdb/sales_101.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace SALES_2:
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/salesdb/sales_201.dbf
导出完毕后即可恢复表空间为读写模式
如果target为exadata且与source endian不同,oracle推出cross platform. incremental backup用于减少对source db的影响 ,详情见1389592.1
在线复制数据文件,然后不断对其增量备份并应用到target,直至与source接近同步为止;
最后一步才将source tb设为read only,对其做最后一次增量备份,这种方式可将source tb的不可用时间减为最小;
4将数据集传输到target
如果source/target使用了ASM,可使用dbms_file_transfer/rman进行传输
第4/5步根据实际情况可互换
5 转换endianness
在source/target端均可执行
--source
RMAN> CONVERT TABLESPACE sales_1,sales_2
2> TO PLATFORM. 'Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)'
3> FORMAT '/tmp/%U';
Starting conversion at source at 30-SEP-08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input datafile file number=00007name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/salesdb/sales_101.dbf
converteddatafile=/tmp/data_D-SALESDB_I-1192614013_TS-SALES_1_FNO-7_03jru08s
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/salesdb/sales_201.dbf
converted datafile=/tmp/data_D-SALESDB_I-1192614013_TS-SALES_2_FNO-8_04jru0aa
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished conversion at source at 30-SEP-08
--target
Dumpfile位于DATA_PUMP_DIR目录,而数据文件位于C:\TEMP
RMAN> CONVERT DATAFILE 'C:\Temp\sales_101.dbf', 'C:\Temp\sales_201.dbf'
1> TO PLATFORM="Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)"
2> FROM PLATFORM="Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)"
3> DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='C:\Temp\', 'C:\app\orauser\oradata\orawin\'
4> PARALLELISM=4;
注:如果source/target都没有使用ASM,可以不指定source/target platform,RMAN通过检查数据文件可获知source platform,而target platform默认为当前主机;
6导入target
如果表空间数据块不是target db的标准块,则需设置target db的db_nk_cache_size;
impdp system dumpfile=expdat.dmp directory=data_pump_dir transport_datafiles=c:\app\orauser\oradata\orawin\sales_101.dbf,c:\app\orauser\oradata\orawin\sales_201.dbf
remap_schema=sales1:crm1 remap_schema=sales2:crm2 logfile=tts_import.log
在standby上执行TTS 788176.1
物理备库可以执行TTS,但首先需要将其activate,大致步骤
1确保其与主库同步,停止log传输和MRP
2创建restore point,执行TTS后回滚
3激活备库alter database activate standby database,并将保护模式设为maximize performance—alter database set standby database to maximize performance
4执行TTS
5闪回至restore point并重新转换为物理备库flashback database to restore point b/alter database convert to physical standby
TTS单个表分区731559.1
利用交换分区将单个分区置换到新表,然后删除该分区,将该表空间传输即可;
基于ASM存储的TTS ID 394798.1
使用dbms_file_transfer传输dump/data file,需要dblink协助;
1创建指向target的dblink:create database link db2 connect to system identified by manager1 using 'db2';
2在source/target创建基于ASM的directory,create directory tts_dump as '+DATA';
3导出metadata
ora10g@host1]$ expdp system/manager1 directory=tts_dump dumpfile=tts1_db1.dmp logfile=tts_dump_log:tts.log transport_tablespaces=tts_1,tts_2 transport_full_check=y
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_02": system/******** directory=tts_datafile dumpfile=tts1.dmp logfile=tts_dump_log:tts.log transport
_tablespaces=tts_1,tts_2 transport_full_check=y
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_02" successfully loaded/unloaded
****************************************Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_02 is:+DATA/tts1.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_02" successfully completed at 14:00:34
4将dump/data文件传送至target
SQL> begin
2 dbms_file_transfer.put_file
3 (source_directory_object => 'tts_dump',
4 source_file_name => 'tts1_db1.dmp',
5 destination_directory_object => 'tts_dump',
6 destination_file_name => 'tts1_db1.dmp',
7 destination_database => 'db2');
8 end;
9 /
SQL> begin
2 dbms_file_transfer.put_file
3 (source_directory_object => 'tts_datafile',
4 source_file_name => 'tts_1.294.570721319',
5 destination_directory_object => ' tts_datafile',
6 destination_file_name => 'tts1_db1.dbf',
7 destination_database => 'db2');
8 end;
9 /
5导入target
impdp directory=tts_dump dumpfile=tts1_db1.dmp logfile=tts_dump_log:tts1.log TRANSPORT_DATAFILES='+DATA1/tts1_db1.dbf','+DATA1/tts2_db1.dbf' keep_master=y
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_03" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_03": system/******** parfile=impdp.par
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_03" successfully completed at 15:05:00
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